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Shallow ground water temperature map

shallow ground water temperature map
54° Approx annual average outdoor temperature for northern US states
65° Approx annual average outdoor temperature for southern US states

Coons Cave Bloomington Indiana
Coon's Cave Monroe County
Cave temperature = shallow ground water temperature
Casual proof: As former caver or spelunker, I observed year-round underground temps.
Once past the entrance, caves remain same temp year-round. Caves get temperature from average underground temperature in region. For example, limestone caves in Indiana are 54°F year-round, summer or winter. Southern caves are warmer. The map shows same temps I saw inside caves.

For cave info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caving see links at bottom

For research: Use 'google alert' in e-mail:
http://www.google.com/alerts

For data, search US Geological Survey:
http://www.usgs.gov/

Four ways to look at underground temperature.
1) All underground water pipes are geothermally heated. Each house receives some measure of geothermally heated water. Incoming cold water causes water heater to run more. See chart
2) Shallow temps start at 8-12 feet deep.
3) Deep underground, up to 5 miles in some diamond mines. read1 read2
4) Geothermal hot spots from volcanic activity cause extremely high temps near surface.

Geothermal ideas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Geothermal self-help forum
Tempering tank Underground water pipes are geothermally heated
Water arriving at home is geothermally heated.
Water pipes are buried underground to prevent frozen pipes.

Passively pre-heat cold water using staging tank or tempering tank located in naturally warm area
See illustrations

Geothermal points

Geothermal resources
Geothermal heat
Geothermal heat forum

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